The Olympic Games bring together athletes and spectators from around the world, showcasing human potential and global unity. However, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) aims to ensure that this event is conducted responsibly, minimizing its environmental impact. To achieve this, the IOC developed the Carbon Footprint Methodology for the Olympic Games, a key tool for measuring and reducing the emissions associated with the event.
First published in 2018 and updated in 2024, this methodology provides a structured and transparent approach to calculating emissions and identifying opportunities to reduce the environmental impact of the Games.
What is the Carbon Footprint Methodology for the Olympic Games?
The Carbon Footprint Methodology for the Olympic Games is a set of guidelines designed to help organizers measure, report, and manage the emissions related to hosting the Games. It includes activities such as venue construction, transportation, energy use, materials, and operations like catering and waste management.
Based on international standards such as ISO 14064 and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, the methodology ensures that emissions are measured according to best practices while adapting to the local context of each edition of the Games.
Which emissions are included and which are not?
The methodology distinguishes between emissions directly related to the Games and those that are part of broader developments. For example, if a stadium is built specifically for the Games, its emissions are included. However, if a public transport upgrade was already planned before the host city was selected, its emissions are not counted, even if it benefits Olympic spectators.
This approach ensures transparency and consistency in defining the scope of the carbon footprint, preventing organizers from selectively excluding emissions to improve their figures.
How are spectator travel emissions calculated?
Indirect emissions, such as those from spectator travel, are included in the Games’ carbon footprint. These emissions are calculated based on the number of people traveling to the host region, their mode of transport (air, train, car, etc), and the distance traveled. Ticketing data, surveys, and transport demand models are used to estimate these emissions.
Organizers are also encouraged to provide sustainable travel options, such as improved public transport or ticketing strategies that promote low-carbon travel.
Permanent infrastructure and emissions
Emissions from permanent infrastructure are included only if the facilities were built specifically for the Games. If a building was already planned before the host city was selected, its emissions are not counted. However, emissions from permanent upgrades made for the Games are included, while recognizing the long-term benefits, such as improved public transport or new housing.
How are emissions from rented equipment accounted for?
Emissions from rented equipment are calculated proportionally based on its expected lifespan. For example, if a temporary asset is used for one year during the Games and has a lifespan of five years, only one-fifth of its emissions are attributed to the event. This approach encourages the use of temporary solutions instead of new purchases.
Post-Games transformations
The methodology also addresses post-Games transformations. Temporary structures dismantled after the event are included in the carbon footprint, while long-term transformations, such as converting an Olympic Village into housing, are excluded as they are managed by future owners.
Updating the methodology
The IOC regularly reviews and updates the methodology to align with advancements in addressing climate change. The current version incorporates lessons learned from recent editions, such as Paris 2024 and Los Angeles 2028, ensuring that the Olympic Games continue to evolve into a more sustainable event with lasting benefits for host cities.
